DISTANCE AND DOSAGE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER INFLUENCE RESULTS OF EGG CABBAGE PLANT (BRASSICA OLERACEAE VAR. CAPITATA L)

   The low yield of cabbage is often associated with the low content of soil organic matter. The inappropriate planting distance also contributes to the low yield of the cabbage plant. The provision of organic fertilizer with the right dosage and setting the right spacing is also expected to increase soil fertility and ultimately increase results of cabbage plants.   This research was conducted in the field from April to July 2018 in Subak Gede Bungan Kapal, Tunjuk Village, Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency. Treatment was arranged in a factorial manner in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). Two treatments studied in this study were plant spacing (30 cm x 40 cm; 30 cm x 40 cm; 30 x 50 cm) and organic fertilizer (Petroganic) (0 t ha-1; 1 t ha-1; 2 t ha -1; 3 t ha-1). The treatment was repeated three times.   The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of spacing and the use of doses of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on all observed parameters.   The treatment of spacing has a significant effect on the diameter of the commercial crop -1, the weight of fresh stover ha-1, and has a very significant effect on the weight of crop ha-1, and the weight of commercial crop ha-1. The highest weight of commercial k-ha ha-1 was obtained at a plant spacing of 30 x 50 cm (J3) of 525.86 kg, significantly increasing by 74.80% compared to a spacing of 30 x 30 cm (J1) which was 299.12 kg.  The treatment of organic fertilizer dosage has a very significant effect on the weight of crop ha-1, weight of commercial crop ha-1, commercial crop diameter-1 but has no significant effect on the fresh weight of stover ha-1. The highest weight of commercial ha-1krop obtained at the dose of organic fertilizer 2 t ha-1 of 444.23 kg (P2) increased by 58.30% compared to the dose of 0 t ha-1 (P0) of 280.62 kg


INTRODUCTION
Egg cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. Capitata L.) is a vegetable that contains high nutritional value, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins A, B1, B2 and vitamin C, vitamins -these vitamins act as regulatory substances and a very important protector in the body and maintaining a healthy body (Sunarjono, 2004), so that it is consumed by many people. Now cabbage has been widely cultivated in highlands with centers in Dieng, Wonosobo, Tawangmangu, Kopeng, Purbalingga, Malang, Garut and Bali. Because these plants have very high economic value as well as vegetables with good taste.in various ways, one of them is by setting the spacing and giving organic fertilizer. Setting the spacing is very influential on the growth and yield of cabbage plants, especially during the crop formation period, which is very varied between ovoid, flat, to cone shaped. Thus the spacing functions to utilize light effectively and the absorption of nutrients evenly (Rukmana, 2005) Plant spacing will determine the height and number of plant populations in broad unity. Generally high production of broad unity will be achieved in a high population because of the maximum use of light at the beginning of growth, then competition occurs so that the speed of plant growth decreases. Plants respond by reducing size, both on all parts of plants and certain parts of plants so that the results of each individual plant are low. The spacing is very closely related to the needs of plants for nutrients, water, sunlight and other growth factors, regulating the spacing is very necessary so that plants can utilize the growth factors efficiently and effectively. In determining the spacing, competition between plants that may occurs in using growth factors that will affect overall results.
The results of Erwin, et al (2015) study of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) stated that the treatment of plant spacing significantly affected the observation of plant height, at the age of 42 days after planting, obtained a spacing of 40 cm x 40 cm = 37.8; spacing of 50 cm x 50 cm= 40.4 and spacing of 60 cm x 60 cm = 40.8, and Area of Leaves at 21 days after planting obtained a spacing of 40 cm x 40 cm = 33.82, spacing of 50cm x 50 cm = 33.90, Planting Distance 60 cm x 60 cm = 38.75, and weight of crop at the age of 42 days after planting, spacing of 40 cm x 40 cm = 1.10 kg, spacing of 50 cm x 50 cm = 1.52 kg and spacing of 60 cm x 60 cm = 40.88 kg. The study of Purnama et al. (2013) treatment of spacing affected the increase in leaf number, leaf length, plant fresh weight, plant weight consumption, plant dry weight and harvest index, treatment of 20 cm x 20 cm spacing was the best spacing because it could increase growth and optimal mustard yields of 11 leaves, 17.94 cm of leaf length, 89.46 g of fresh fresh weight, 64.62 g of weighing plant weight, and 7.61 g of dry weight.
Addition of organic matter to the planting media is an effort made to increase the fertility of the growing media so that the supply of nutrients for plant growth and development will be more fulfilled. The main benefit of organic fertilizers is to improve soil structure by providing space for soil for air and water. Soil structure that is very loose like sandy soil, organic material will bind the grains of soil so that it is denser and not destroyed (Lingga and Marsono, 2004). In addition, the use of organic fertilizers is also very helpful in increasing media porosity, increasing the number and microbial activity and stimulating the growth of roots and shoots (Mulat, 2003).
One of the commonly used organic fertilizers is Petroganic Organic Fertilizer with the composition of organic C content of 12.5%, C / N ratio of 10-25%, pH 4-8, and moisture content of 4 -12%, recommended use of Petroganic fertilizers for pulses of crops 2 t ha -1 . The results of the research by Karnata et al. (2012) for shallots with Petroganic fertilizer dosages at various levels were able to increase oven dry weight of tubers -1 at doses of 3 t ha -1 giving the heaviest oven weight of clump -1 tubers of 2.61 g increased by 1.28% compared to 0 t dose of Petroganic fertilizer 1.14 g. The results of the study by Lamusi et al. (2014) showed that Petroganic fertilizer had an influence on the growth of cucumber plants on variable plant height, stem diameter, weight plot -1 and weight plant fruit -1 , but did not have an effect on leaf area index variables. The treatment of P 2 (32 g / plant) is the best treatment that affects growth and yield. The results of Wisardja's research (2011) state that the treatment of Petroganic fertilizer dose of 2 tons ha -1 significantly affected the leaf area index of corn plants, the weight of 12% moisture content and very significant effect on oven dry weight of 1,000 seeds and oven dried ha -1 results. Likewise, the results of Talkah (2007) also stated that the treatment of Petroganic organic fertilizer dosage 2 t ha -1 a very significant effect on the observed variables of leaf number, plant length and weight of the fruit of the melon plant.
Based on the explanation above, the problem was raised whether there was an effect on the distance of planting and dosage of organic fertilizer on the yield of eggcabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. Capitata L.).
This study was conducted to determine the effect of planting distance and dosage of organic fertilizers and their interactions on the yield of eggcabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. Capitata L.). It is assumed that the treatment of spacing and the administration of doses of organic fertilizer had an effect on the yield of egg cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. Capitata L.).

RESEARCH METHOD
This research is a factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatment that was tried consisted of 2 factors, namely planting distance and organic fertilizer, in this case Petroganic organic fertilizer was used. Plant spacing factor consists of 3, namely: J 1 = 30 cm x 30 cm, J 2 = 30 cm x 40 cm, J 3 = 30 cm x 50 cm. Petroganic organic fertilizer dosage factor consists of 4 levels, namely: P 0 = 0t ha -1 , P 1 = 1 t ha -1 , P 2 = 2 t ha -1 , P 3 = 3 t ha -1 . From these two factors 12 combinations were obtained with repetitions three times so that there were 36 observation units. Placement of treatment was done randomly in the research plot. The research was conducted in SubakGede Bungan Kapal, Tunjuk Village, Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency. It runs from April to July 2018.
The materials used in this study were cabbage seeds, Petroganic organic fertilizers. While the tools used in this study are hoes, rakes, meters, plastic straps, buckets, handsprayers, scales, ovens, stationery and others. Land preparation before the study was carried out by cultivating the land, aimed at reversing the soil so that substances that could harm the plant could be lost. Then the plot was made with a plot size of 1.5 m x 2.0 m, the distance between plots was 50 cm and the distance between replications was 100 cm, each replication was divided into 12 treatments. Two weeks before being transferred to the field, seed germination was carried out using seedling media containing soil mixtures with manure, after the seeds had grown into seeds with the characteristics that the seeds already had 2-3 large leaves, then planting by way of spitting on each research plot with a depth of 3 -4 cm, each planting hole is planted with one seedling. Giving Petroganic organic fertilizer in stages, first given at the age of the plant 7 days after planting, the second giving at the age of 14 days after planting, the dose used is in accordance with the treatment.
Maintenance of plants includes watering, weeding, control of pests and diseases. Watering is carried out according to the needs and conditions of the plants, weeding is done 3 times the age of plants 14, 30, 44 days after planting, while pest and disease control is carried out 4 days starting from the age of the plant 14 days after planting.
Observations were made on yield variables: weight of crop ha -1 , weight of commercial crop ha -1 , diameter of commercial crop -1 , weight of fresh stover ha -1 . Harvesting is done on 77-day-old plants.
The results of the observational data were then analyzed statistically according to the design used. If a single factor showed a real or very real effect followed by a LSD test at the level of 5%. If the interaction between the two treatments shows a real or very real influence, then continue using the Duncan test level of 5% (Gomez and Gomez, 1995).

Research Result
The results of statistical analysis show that the interaction between plant treatment and the use of organic fertilizer dosages had no significant effect on all observed parameters. The treatment of spacing has a significant effect on the diameter of the commercial crop -1 , the weight of fresh stover ha -1 , and has a very significant effect on the weight of crop ha -1 , and the weight of commercial crop ha -1 .The treatment of the dosage of organic fertilizer has a very significant effect on the weight of crop ha -1 , the weight of commercial crop ha -1 , the commercial diameter of the crop -1 but does not significantly affect the fresh weight of stover ha -1 . The significance of the effect of planting distance (J) and dosage of organic fertilizer and its interaction between the two treatments (J x P) on the observed parameters is presented in (Table 1).

Table 1. Significance of Planting Distance (J) and Organic Fertilizer Dose (P) and its Interaction (JxP) the Parameters Observed in Cabbage Plants
No Parameters observed Treatment J P J x P 1.

Weight of Crop ha -1 (kg)
The results showed the treatment of spacing and dosage of organic fertilizer had a very significant effect, while the interaction between the two treatments had no significant effect. The treatment of spacing has a very significant effect on the weight of crop ha -1 (t) with a spacing of 30 cm x 40 cm (J 2 ) indicating the highest crop weight which is equal to 992.31 t not significantly different from J 3 (946.77 kg) or real increase 32.76% compared to the spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm (J 1 ) which is 747.94 kg. The dosage of organic fertilizer 3t ha -1 (P 3 ) gave the highest ha -1 crop weight of 1021.92 kg not significantly different from P 2 or increased by 55.08% compared with P 0 of 658.95 kg ( Table 2).

Commercial Crop Weight ha -1 (kg)
The results of statistical analysis showed that the treatment of spacing and dosage of organic fertilizer had a very significant effect, while the interaction of the two treatments had no significant effect on the weight of commercial crop ha -1 ( Table 1).
The treatment of spacing has a very significant effect on the weight of commercial crop ha -1 with the weight of the commercial crop which is the highest given at a spacing of 30 cm x 50 cm (J 3 ) of 525.86 kg significantly different from the denser spacing or increasing significantly by 75 , 80% compared to the spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm (J 1 ) which is equal to 299.12 kg ( Table 2).
The dosage of organic fertilizer 3 t ha -1 (P 3 ) gives the highest commercial ha -1 krop weight of 445.22 kg (P 3 ) but not significantly different from the dose of organic fertilizer 2 t ha -1 (P 2 ) of (444.23 kg) . The dose of organic fertilizer 3 t ha -1 (P 3 ) increased by 58.65% compared to the dose of 0 t ha -1 (P 0 ) of 280.62 kg ( Table 2).

Diameter of Commercial Crop crop -1 (cm)
The results of statistical analysis show that the treatment of spacing has a significant effect and the dose of organic fertilizer has a very significant effect, while the interaction of the two treatments has no significant effect on the diameter of the commercial crop -1 ( Table 1).
The treatment of spacing has a significant effect on the diameter of the highest commercial crop -1 shown at a spacing of 30 x 50 cm (J 3 ) which is 14.11 cm, not significantly different from the spacing of 30 cm x 40 cm (J 2 ) of 14.06 cm, The lowest diameter of commercial crop -1 was shown at a spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm at 13.72 cm, increasing by 2.84% ( Table 2).
The dosage of organic fertilizer 3 t ha -1 (P 3 ) gives the highest commercial crop -1 crop diameter of 14.25 (P 3 ) increased by 6.03% compared to the dose of 0 t ha -1 (P 0 ) of 13.44 cm ( Table 2).

Fresh Weight of Stover ha -1 (kg)
The results of statistical analysis showed that the treatment of spacing had a significant effect, and the dosage of organic fertilizer had no significant effect because the interactions of the two treatments had no significant effect on the fresh weight of stover ha-1 ( Table 1). The treatment of spacing has a significant effect on the fresh weight of stover ha -1 indicated by the spacing of 30 cm x 50 cm (J 3 ), which is 1.58 kg, significantly different from the denser spacing or increasing by 23.80% to the weight of fresh stover ha -1 as low as indicated by the spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm (J 1 ) of 1.26 kg ( Table  2).
The dosage of organic fertilizer 3 t ha -1 (P 3 ) tended to give the highest fresh weight of stover ha -1 of 1.52 kg (P 3 ) not significantly different from the lower dosage of organic fertilizer with an average organic fertilizer dose of 1.39 kg ( Table 2).

Discussion
The treatment of spacing (J) has a significant effect on the fresh weight of stover ha -1 with the highest value at a spacing of 30 cm x 50 cm (J 3 ) which is equal to 1.58 kg or 23.80% higher than the spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm (J 1 ) of 1.26 kg. Spacing greatly affects plant populations and light efficiency, also affects the competition between plants in using water and nutrients, thus affecting the results (Haryadi, 2002). This is indicated by the increasingly spacing of spacing increasing the weight of commercial crop ha -1 at a spacing of 30 cm x 50 cm (J 3 ) of 525.86 kg and supported by crop weight ha -1 of 946.77 kg and diameter of commercial crop -1 of 14.11 cm.
According to Suprapto (1992in Erwin et al., 2015 aspects of using spacing provide implications for the results of broad unity, but also on the average size of cabbage produced. The spacing is cultivated regularly so that the plants get uniform growth space, and in easier maintenance and simplification in conducting weeding, the spacing is very influential on plant growth and formation of crop, close spacing increases humidity around the plant, this condition can spur growth and development disturbing organisms, besides that it also affects the reception of sunlight on each plant so that it can affect the growth and yield of cabbage plants. Increasing the dosage of organic fertilizer from 0 to 2 t ha -1 increased the weight of commercial crop ha -1 with the highest yield at a dose of 2 t ha -1 which was 444.23 kg and the lowest at a dose of 0 t ha -1 at 280.62 kg. With heavy fertilization, apparently a larger population will bring in efficient use of fertilizers, because of the efficient use of light (Harjadi. 2002). According to Gomies et al., (2012) organic fertilization can play a role in mobilizing or bridging nutrients that are already in the soil forming ion particles which are easily absorbed by plant roots. In addition, organic fertilizers contain complete nutrients, both macro nutrients and micro nutrients. These conditions are not possessed by artificial fertilizers. According to Eifediyi and Reminson (2010) organic fertilizers can maintain plants through a better recycling system of nutrients and improve the physical attributes of the soil. Increasing the weight of commercial crop ha -1 is also due to the increase in the diameter of the commercial crop -1 , the fresh weight of the ha -1 . This is evidenced by the positive correlation between the weight of commercial crop ha -1 and the weight of crop ha -1 (r = 0.997 **), the diameter of the commercial crop -1 (r = 0.976 **) and the fresh weight of the ha ha -1 (r = 0.808 **). Judging from the dosage of organic fertilizer treatment it turned out to have a significant effect on the yield of cabbage plants. Zulkifli and Herman (2012) stated that organic fertilizers contain nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients which are low, but contain nutrients abundant micro and needed for plant growth.